Historic England has commissioned research to better understand carbon loss from soil during archaeological excavation. The report outlines the properties and dynamics of carbon in soil and the potential effects of archaeological investigations on these. It identifies ways in which soil carbon loss can be mitigated and managed through planning and practice.
The report introduces the science of soil and soil carbon with reference to the impact of archaeological interventions. Different estimated carbon loss scenarios are described for trial trenching and area excavation, with values for carbon loss shown, based on the area disturbed and the duration of disturbance. The report highlights the complexity of the subject, particularly in accurately measuring soil carbon.
This new work is relevant to individuals and organisations commissioning or undertaking archaeological excavation as it contributes to ongoing discussions about archaeology, carbon reduction plans and sustainability. Recommendations are given for how soil carbon losses can be minimised by changes in practice, for example, around soil management and timing of backfilling.
If you’d like to hear more about this subject from the report’s author, Historic England are running a webinar at 1pm on the 25th February 2026.